저서
- 아카이브
- 인문DB
- 학술연구
- 저서
GENDERED MIGRATIONS: AN EXPLORATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF MIGRATION ON POLISH WOMEN’S PERCEPTION OF GENDER ROLES
- 저자
- Ewa A. Duda-Mikulin
- 서지
- University of Salford
- 발간일
- 2015년 08월 25일
- 조회수
- 486
- SNS 공유
-
Following the expansion of the European Union (EU) in 2004, migration from the new Accession 8 EU Member States to the United Kingdom (UK) has been identified as one of the most significant international migratory movements to the UK in recent times. The largest member of these states is Poland and the UK has been the most common destination for Polish migrants post 2004. Arguably, there is limited literature that focuses solely on women; indeed, women migrants were invisible until the 1970s. In relation to A8 migration, gender and gender roles are an under-researched area. The aim of this thesis is to fill this gap and offer new insights with regard to the influence of the migratory experience on Polish women’s lives and the way they negotiate their gender roles through migration. This thesis contributes new and unique evidence to the debates surrounding migration, gender, Polish women and comparative social policy, in particular with regard to the role of networks in migration; enduring and new push and pull factors; the icon of ‘Matka Polka’ and work-life balance. Through the use of 32 qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews with Polish migrant women resident in two countries – the UK and Poland, this thesis considers the factors that motivate the initial and any subsequent ‘return’ international migratory movements undertaken by Polish women between the UK and Poland. Additionally, the ways in which Polish migrant women (re)negotiate their gender roles in regard to paid work and informal familial care across time and space are explored. It is concluded that motivations for migration as well as motives to remain in the host country are often related to economic factors and the availability of migrant networks. It is shown that the migratory process may indeed influence women’s perception of gender roles which seem to be re-evaluated post migration.
목차
Acknowledgements 8
Abbreviations 9
Abstract 11
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 12
1.1 Introduction 12
1.2 International migration as an important global and social phenomenon 13
1.3 A gendered approach to theorisation 14
1.4 Migrants as gendered social actors 16
1.5 Migration as an opportunity to challenge gender roles? 17
1.6 The interplay of structure and agency in migration 19
1.6.1 Citizenship of the European Union as an important structural context 20
1.7 Research aim and objectives 23
1.8 Thesis structure 24
CHAPTER TWO: Polish migration to the UK post 1945 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Polish migration to the UK during and in the aftermath of the Second World War 27
2.3 The European Union enlargement in 2004 29
2.3.1 The UK implementation of transitional rules post 2004 30
2.4 Post 2004 Polish migration to the UK 32
2.5 Characteristics and trends of ‘recent’ Polish migrants to the UK 33
2.6 The effects of post 2004 Polish migration 36
2.6.1 Implications for the sending country (Poland) 36
2.6.2 Implications for the receiving country (the UK) 37
2.6.3 Implications for migrants (and their families) 38
2.7 Conclusion 39
CHAPTER THREE: Gendering women 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Defining sex and gender 41
3.2.1 Gender roles 43
33.3 Feminist theory and practice 45
3.3.1 Historical development 45
3.3.2 Feminism in the UK 47
3.3.3 Feminism in Poland 49
3.3.4 Intersectionality 52
3.4 Women’s gendered lives in Poland, the UK and at the EU level 53
3.4.1 The public versus private divide 53
3.4.2 Care to work or work to care? 57
3.4.3 Women as second-class citizens? 60
3.5 Conclusion 63
CHAPTER FOUR: Theorising migration 65
4.1 Introduction 65
4.2 Understanding migration 65
4.3 Classic migration theories 67
4.3.1 Neoclassical theory 68
4.3.2 Historical-structural approach 69
4.3.3 New economics of labour migration 71
4.3.4 Social network approach 72
4.3.5 Transnationalism 74
4.4 Structure and agency in migration theory 75
4.5 The absence of gender in mainstream migration theories 77
4.5.1 Feminisation of migration? 79
4.5.2 Migrant women as gendered social actors 80
4.5.3 The influence of migration on gender roles 82
4.6 Migration patterns 84
4.6.1 Circular migration 84
4.6.2 Return migration 86
4.6.3 Family-orientated migration 87
4.7 Conclusion 88
CHAPTER FIVE: Methodology 90
5.1 Introduction 90
5.2 Methodological considerations 90
5.2.1 Ontological and epistemological concerns 90
5.2.2 Reflexivity in research 91
5.3 Qualitative methodology 94
5.4 Research questions 95
5.5 Sampling strategy 96
5.6 Sample 97
5.7 Research methods 104
5.7.1 Literature review 104
5.7.2 Qualitative interviews with migrant women 105
5.7.3 Field notes 108
5.8 Ethics 108
5.9 Data handling 109
5.9.1 Transcription 109
5.9.2 Bilingual research 110
5.10 Data analysis 111
5.11 Potential research limitations 112
5.12 Conclusion 113
CHAPTER SIX: Making a move: Polish women’s motivations for migration to the UK 115
6.1 Introduction 115
6.2 The influence of push and pull factors in Polish women’s migratory decisions 115
6.2.1 Financial reasons 119
6.2.2 The influence of wider social/familial networks 125
6.2.3 Opportunities gained through migration 137
6.3 Conclusion 141
CHAPTER SEVEN: Should I stay or should I go? An exploration of Polish women’smotivations to remain in the UK or return ‘home’ 145
7.1 Introduction 145
7.2 ‘It all depends… for now I’m here’: why women remain in the UK 145
7.2.1 Putting down roots? 150
7.3 ‘It’s unfair on your family to move abroad’: why women return to Poland 154
7.3.1 Difficulties adjusting? 156
7.4 Gendered expectations across borders 163
7.5 Conclusion 168
CHAPTER EIGHT: Rethinking gender roles? Gender in migration in Polish migrantwomen’s lives 172
8.1 Introduction 172
8.2 The image of ‘Matka Polka’ – ‘Mother Hen’ 173
8.3 ‘I’m also entitled to be tired’: traditional gender roles in Poland 177
8.4 ‘It’s good that women in the UK can drive buses’: the perception of flexible genderroles in the UK 183
8.5 Balancing work and care in the UK 188
8.6 Migration as a contributor to change in gender role expectations 196
8.7 Conclusion 200
CHAPTER NINE: Conclusions: changed lives? 204
9.1 Introduction 204
9.2 Theoretical implications and empirical contributions 205
9.3 Methodological contributions 215
9.4 Policy implications 216
9.5 Future directions 219
APPENDICES: 221
Appendix I – Search strategies/Key search terms 221
Appendix II – Ph.D. timescale 222
Appendix III – A) Ethics forms 223
1 Participant invitation letter 223
2 Participant information sheet 224
3 Informed consent form 227
4 Interview topic guide 228
B) Ethics forms – Polish versions/wersje po Polsku 233
1 Zaproszenie do udziału w wywiadzie 233
2 Arkusz informacyjny 234
3 Zgoda na udział w wywiadzie 237
4 Lista pytań do wywiadu 238
Appendix IV – Example of an interview transcript 243
Appendix V – Training undertaken 258
Appendix VI – Grants received 262
6Appendix VII – Dissemination of thesis to date 263
Appendix VIII – Publications to date . 265
LIST OF REFERENCES: 266
